U.S. District Judge Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong ruled that Border Patrol agents likely violated federal law by conducting warrantless arrests during 2025 immigration raids in Los Angeles without first assessing whether individuals posed a flight risk. Court records and body camera footage showed agents ignored factors like community ties, employment, and family, and in some cases contradicted their own written arrest justifications. Examples include a car wash worker identified as A.T., a lawful permanent resident who was handcuffed and detained despite his status, and a worker identified as E.G.G., whose bodycam footage showed him remaining in place despite agents' claims he fled. Another man, identified as Tijerino-Garmendia, was arrested during a raid at a Home Depot parking lot. The ruling, arising from an ACLU-led lawsuit against DHS, requires agents to document specific facts supporting flight-risk determinations before making warrantless arrests, making Los Angeles the fifth jurisdiction nationally where courts have restricted the practice.