A UC Berkeley analysis of ICE data found that arrests of immigrants without criminal convictions increased 770% during the first year of Trump's second term, with street arrests surging over 1,000%; in New York City, ICE arrested more than 9,600 people, with only about one in five having criminal convictions. A separate Investigative Post analysis found ICE arrests in upstate New York more than quadrupled, from 787 in 2024 to 3,722 between January 2025 and January 2026, with less than a third of those arrested having a criminal record. More than half of upstate arrestees, 1,971 people, were in the midst of the asylum process when detained, after the administration changed rules that had previously shielded them from arrest, and the share with final deportation orders fell from 78% under Biden to 47% under Trump. In Western New York, arrests rose 220%, from 464 to 1,489, with two-thirds of those arrested since deported and most originally from Mexico or other Latin American countries.